In 1950, land reform was accomplished in East Bengal with the abolishment of the feudal zamindari system. Mohammed Bakhtiar, from Turkistan, captured Bengal in 1199 with only 20 men thanks to an unexplained 'bold and clever strategy'. All of this was just a prelude to the unstoppable tide of Islam which washed over northern India at the end of the 12th century. The area's early history featured a succession of Indian empires, internal squabbling, and a tussle between Hinduism and Buddhism for dominance. Medieval European geographers located paradise at the mouth of the Ganges and although this was overhopeful, Bengal was probably the wealthiest part of the subcontinent up until the 16th century. After a period of anarchy, the bengali Buddhist Pala dynasty ruled the region for four hundred years, followed by a shorter reign of the Hindu Sena dynasty. ![]() Following its collapse, a dynamic Bengali named Shashanka founded an impressive short-lived kingdom. Bengal was later part of the Gupta Empire and Harsha Empire from the 3rd to the 6th centuries CE. The kingdom of Gangaridai was formed from at least the 7th century BC, which later united with Bihar under the Magadha, Nanda, Mauryan and Sunga Empires.
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